Andrew Scull is a historian of psychiatry. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep502-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/andrew-scull-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://sociology.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/emeritus/andrew-scull.html https://amzn.to/4vmBquI https://amzn.to/3SZhd0I SPONSORS: Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app. https://wisprflow.ai/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. https://fin.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. https://betterhelp.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: PODCAST LINKS: https://lexfridman.com/podcast https://apple.co/2lwqZIr https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

DHH is the creator of Ruby on Rails, Omarchy Linux, CTO of 37signals, and a racecar driver. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep501-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/dhh-2-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://x.com/dhh https://world.hey.com/dhh https://omarchy.org https://rubyonrails.org https://37signals.com SPONSORS: Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app. https://wisprflow.ai/lex Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases. https://blitzy.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. http://netsuite.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software. https://plaud.ai/lex Higgsfield AI: AI-based video generation, filmmaking, and creative studio. https://higgsfield.ai Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:14) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:56) – Programming with AI agents (24:14) – How software will change (33:30) – AI impact on open source (43:21) – Building Omarchy Linux distro (53:05) – Vibe coding vs agentic engineering (1:06:06) – The end of manual programming (1:16:24) – Advice for programmers (1:28:31) – Surviving Internet Hate (1:37:46) – Programming setup for AI Agents (1:50:11) – Obsessing about speed (2:13:06) – Voice prompting vs typing (2:27:05) – Best AI coding models (2:43:55) – Best AI coding harnesses (2:56:57) – AI video generation and filmmaking (3:16:28) – Fatherhood (3:44:35) – Linux will win the desktop (3:55:51) – PewDiePie (4:05:25) – Future of programming (4:28:18) – Politics and immigration (4:59:55) – Longevity, over-optimization, and fear of death (5:11:38) – Eternal recurrence and future of human civization

Khabib Nurmagomedov is one of the greatest fighters of all time, who retired from the UFC undefeated with a perfect 29-0 record. We did this conversation entirely in Russian. It’s translated and dubbed into English. Both language audio tracks (and subtitles) are available on YouTube. Here, only the English audio is available. We worked hard to make it enjoyable to listen to, by carefully dubbing the translation using voice-cloning, as we’ve done for previous foreign-language podcasts. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep500-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/khabib-nurmagomedov-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://instagram.com/khabib_nurmagomedov/ https://youtube.com/@KhabibTheEagle https://facebook.com/KhabibTheEagle/ https://x.com/TeamKhabib https://t.me/khabib_nurmagomedov https://khabib.com SPONSORS: Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app. https://wisprflow.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. https://betterhelp.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:29) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:24) – Why Dagestan produces so many great fighters (18:31) – History of Dagestan warrior culture (27:51) – Hard training in the mountains of Dagestan (31:42) – The trap of fame, money, and power (42:23) – The key to Khabib’s dominance (53:36) – Discipline and hard work (1:06:04) – Street fights in Dagestan (1:19:45) – Khabib’s top pressure (1:25:29) – Khabib vs Conor McGregor (1:38:14) – Khabib’s toughest fight (1:46:02) – Greatest MMA fighters of all time (2:03:46) – Coaching (2:09:19) – Daniel Cormier (2:13:38) – Islam Makhachev (2:23:35) – Dana White (2:27:05) – Joe Rogan (2:29:20) – Ali Abdelaziz (2:31:57) – Football (2:39:12) – Messi vs Ronaldo (2:57:12) – Dubai (3:01:03) – God (3:08:46) – Advice for young people

Gary Gallagher is a historian of the American Civil War. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep499-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/gary-gallagher-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://history.virginia.edu/people/gary-w-gallagher https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_W._Gallagher https://amzn.to/4yletel https://amzn.to/3QT1jED https://amzn.to/4fdrbD5 https://amzn.to/4wFxk1X https://amzn.to/4vsAogU https://bit.ly/4gDX3mQ SPONSORS: Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. https://upwork.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. http://netsuite.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. https://betterhelp.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software. https://plaud.ai/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:36) – What caused the Civil War? (18:33) – Slavery (46:07) – Lincoln (1:01:03) – Grant vs Lee (1:09:57) – Could the Civil War have been avoided? (1:19:23) – The bloodiest war in US history (1:36:31) – How the Confederate Army could’ve won (1:57:05) – Key battles of the Civil War (2:20:07) – Best and Worst Presidents (2:34:06) – Robert E. Lee (2:53:40) – The most important battle of the Civil War (3:03:51) – The final showdown of the Civil War – Grant vs Lee (3:26:10) – Lost Cause and Confederate Monuments (3:43:37) – Extreme political division in US

Anthony Kaldellis is a historian of the Roman Empire and author of “The New Roman Empire”, a comprehensive history of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep498-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/anthony-kaldellis-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://amzn.to/49AX7Q1 https://kaldellispublications.weebly.com https://classics.uchicago.edu/people/anthony-kaldellis https://amzn.to/3PTFTqk https://amzn.to/4fgRMRq https://byzantiumandfriends.podbean.com/ https://thehistoryofbyzantium.com/ SPONSORS: Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. https://upwork.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. https://fin.ai/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. https://betterhelp.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: PODCAST LINKS: https://lexfridman.com/podcast https://apple.co/2lwqZIr https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Don Lincoln is a particle physicist at Fermilab who has spent decades working at the frontiers of high energy physics. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep497-sc CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://facebook.com/Dr.Don.Lincoln/ https://drdonlincoln.com/ https://bit.ly/4nHeNiF https://bit.ly/3PCIW67 https://x.com/DrDonLincoln https://amzn.to/4uYbkOZ https://shop.thegreatcourses.com/don-lincoln https://adbl.co/4wGioRV https://www.youtube.com/fermilab https://www.fnal.gov/ https://x.com/fermilab SPONSORS: Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. https://upwork.com/lex Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business. https://larridin.com Fin: AI agent for customer service. https://fin.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: PODCAST LINKS: https://lexfridman.com/podcast https://apple.co/2lwqZIr https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Jean-Baptiste Kempf is lead developer of VLC and president of VideoLAN. Kieran Kunhya is a longtime FFmpeg contributor, codec engineer, and the person behind the now-infamous FFmpeg account on X. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep496-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/ffmpeg-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://x.com/FFmpeg https://ffmpeg.org/ https://www.videolan.org/ https://x.com/videolan https://jbkempf.com/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/jbkempf/ https://github.com/jbkempf https://x.com/kierank_ https://bit.ly/3OORhmC https://github.com/kierank SPONSORS: Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business. https://larridin.com Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases. https://blitzy.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. https://betterhelp.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. https://fin.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:48) – Weirdest things VLC opens (15:12) – How video playback works (24:33) – Video codecs and containers (35:20) – FFmpeg explained (56:20) – Linus Torvalds (1:00:59) – Turning down millions to keep VLC ad-free (1:15:17) – FFmpeg & Google drama (1:34:31) – FFmpeg developers (1:41:08) – VLC and FFmpeg (1:45:42) – History of FFmpeg (1:48:59) – Reverse engineering codecs (2:02:14) – FFmpeg testing (2:06:21) – Assembly code (handwritten) (2:30:39) – Rust programming language (2:39:55) – FFmpeg and Libav fork (2:48:17) – Open source burnout (2:56:04) – x264 and internet video (3:09:20) – Video compression basics (3:16:17) – CIA and fake VLC (3:26:52) – Ultra low latency streaming (3:44:20) – AV2 codec and video patents (3:54:12) – VLC backdoors (4:04:27) – Video archiving (4:11:04) – Future of FFmpeg and VLC

Lars Brownworth is a historian, teacher, podcaster, and author specializing in Viking history, medieval Europe, and the Byzantine Empire. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep495-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/lars-brownworth-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://larsbrownworth.com/ https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Wolves-History-Vikings/dp/1909979120 https://amzn.to/4sHY0xw https://12byzantinerulers.com/ https://apple.co/4sgSxNi SPONSORS: Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business. https://larridin.com BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. https://betterhelp.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. https://fin.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: PODCAST LINKS: https://lexfridman.com/podcast https://apple.co/2lwqZIr https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA, the world’s most valuable company and the engine powering the AI computing revolution. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep494-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jensen-huang-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://nvidia.com https://x.com/nvidia https://x.com/NVIDIAAI https://youtube.com/@nvidia https://www.instagram.com/nvidia/ https://www.linkedin.com/company/nvidia/ https://www.facebook.com/NVIDIA/ https://github.com/NVIDIA https://developer.nvidia.com/nemotron SPONSORS: Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. https://fin.ai/lex Quo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses. https://quo.com/lex OUTLINE: PODCAST LINKS: https://lexfridman.com/podcast https://apple.co/2lwqZIr https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Jeff Kaplan is a legendary Blizzard game designer of World of Warcraft and Overwatch, now preparing to launch a new game, The Legend of California, from his new studio Kintsugiyama – available to wishlist on Steam today, with alpha later in March. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep493-sc CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://store.steampowered.com/app/2550530/The_Legend_of_California https://www.kintsugiyama.com/ SPONSORS: Fin: AI agent for customer service. https://fin.ai/lex Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases. https://blitzy.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. https://betterhelp.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. https://coderabbit.ai/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: PODCAST LINKS: https://lexfridman.com/podcast https://apple.co/2lwqZIr https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 https://www.youtube.com/lexclips